Metals and Non Metals Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 3

CBSE NCERT Class 10 Notes Science contains physics, chemistry and biology notes of chapter 3 Metals and Non Metals topics given in textbook are part of Revision Notes for Class

Science Notes cover an overview of the main given points of every concepts and Topics in the NCERT TextBooks Class 10th Science this Chapter Notes includes topic/concepts wise explanations for all the topic provided in the book such as Metal and non Metals, Good Conductor , Conductors, Insulator, Chemical Properties Reactivity Series Ductile and High melting and Boiling Point

Well prepared Class 10th Science Notes will guidance students understand the topics ,concepts and themes covered in all the chapters of Ncert Text book of 10th

CBSE Class 10 Chapter-wise Science Notes

METALS

Those elements which form positive ions by losing electrons are

called Metals.

Physical Properties of Metals -

1. Good Conductor of Heat and Electricity.

2. High melting and Boiling Point

3. Solid at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

4. Are Sonorous (means they produce a sound on striking)

5. Are Malleable, i.e., they can be hammered into thin sheets.

6. Are Ductile (means they can be used to make wires)

Gold is the most ductile metal means wires of gold can be

made easily because gold is very soft for bending.

But we can’t use Wires of Gold in our Home (

Copper Wire

Gold Wire

Chemical properties of Metals -

1. Reaction of Metals with Oxygen -

Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide

Examples -

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

2Cu + O2 → 2CuO

Different metals react in different ways with O2

i) Metals like Potassium and Sodium react so strongly with Oxygen that they catch fire if kept in open. So they are kept in Kerosene oil to avoid accidental fires. Sodium stored in Kerosene Magnesium covered with Oxide layer.

ii) At room temperature, surfaces of metals such as Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc etc. are covered with a thin layer of oxide, to prevent further oxidation.

iii) Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.

Amphoteric Oxides - Metals oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to produce salts and water are called Amphoteric Oxides.

Examples -

Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + H2O

Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O

2. Reaction of Metals with Water -

Metal + Water → Metal Oxide + Hydrogen

Metal Oxide + Water → Metal Hydroxide

i) For Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) - Reaction is violent even with cold water and so exothermic that hydrogen immediately catches fire.

Examples -

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + Heat

2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2 + Heat

ii) For Calcium (Ca) - Reaction is less violent for hydrogen to

catch fire.

Examples -

Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2

iii) For Aluminium (Al) and Iron (Fe) - These do not form hydroxide as their oxides are not soluble. They do not react with hot water but with steam.

Examples -

2Al + 3H2O → Al2O3 + 3H2

3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2

3. Reaction of Metals with Acids -

Metal + Dilute Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

Examples -

Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Some metals like Silver, Gold and copper do not react with acid.

4. Reaction of Metals with Solutions of other Metal Salts -

Metal A + Salt Solution B → Salt Solution A + Metal B

Only more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from compound.

Examples -

Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

Cu + FeSO4 → No Reaction

(Because Cu is less reactive than Fe)

Reactivity Series

Reactivity Series is a list of metals arranged in order of their decreasing activities

Most Reactive Metal

Least Reactive Metal

NON - METALS

Those elements which form negative ions by gaining electrons are

called Non-Metals.

Physical Properties of Non - Metals -

1. Are solids or gases except Bromine (liquid)

2. Low melting and Boiling Point

3. Bad conductor of Heat and Electricity (except Graphite)

4. Are Non - Sonorous (don’t produce a sound on striking)

5. Are Non – Malleable (brittle), means they will break when

hammered or stretched

6. Are Non – Ductile.

Chemical properties of Non - Metals -

1. Reaction of Non-Metal with Water -

Non-Metal + Water → No Reaction

2. Reaction of Non-Metals with Acids -

Non-Metal + Acid → No Reaction

3. Reaction of Non-Metals with Oxygen -

Non-Metal + Oxygen → Non-Metal Oxide

Examples -

C + O2 → CO2

4. Reaction of Non-Metals with Metal -

Non-Metal + Metal → Salt/ Metal Oxide

Examples -

Na + Cl → NaCl

Ionic - Compounds

The compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal

to a non-metal are called Ionic Compounds.

Properties of Ionic Compounds -

1. They are Solid and Hard

2. High Melting and Boiling Point

3. Soluble in Water and in

soluble in Petrol, Kerosene

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Metals and Non Metals Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 3

Metals and Non Metals Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 3