Nelson Mandela Long walk to freedom Best Handwritten Notes 2023
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CBSE Class 10th English Chapter 2 Revision Summary Notes
OVERVIEW
This chapter is an excerpt from Nelson Mandela’s autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. It focuses on the momentous
occasion of his inauguration. Not only does it signify the end of apartheid and racial segregation but it also signifies the
birth of the democratic republic of South Africa. The excerpt also provides a unique insight into Mandela’s thoughts on the
inauguration and apartheid. It also stresses on the importance of freedom and courage over oppression and hate.
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About the Characters
Nelson Mandela First black President of South Africa who fought for the equal rights of the black. He suffered a lot of pain for the freedom.
Zenani Daughter of Nelson Mandela who accompanied Mandela in his inauguration day. She
was very much close to him.
Thabo Mbeki First Deputy President of South Africa who was very close to Mandela.
Mr. Deklerk Second Deputy President of South Africa
Summary of the Chapter
The Inauguration
It was 10th May the day of oath with a bright and shiny sun. Nelson Mandela was supposed to take oath as the
first black President of South Africa. A large number of leaders all from around the world had gathered there to
be the witness of the swearing-in ceremony of Nelson Mandela as the first black President. The inauguration
ceremony took place in a big open building in Pretoria where the first democratic non-racial government was to
be installed.
The Swearing-In Ceremony of Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela was accompanied by his daughter Zenani. Mr Deklerk was the first person who took oath as
second Deputy President followed by Mr Thabo Mbeki who sweared as the first Deputy President of South Africa.
Nelson Mandela was the last person who sweared as the first black President of South Africa. He pledged to obey
and uphold the Constitution and to devote himself to the well-being of the people. He also promised to make the
nation free from poverty, deprivation, suffering and all sort of discrimination.
Display of the Military Power by South African Jets
When Mandela had taken oath, South African jets displayed the military power. It also showed the loyalty of military to
democracy. The highest military generals saluted him. He recounted that they would have arrested him many years
before.
It was followed by the playing of two national anthems. The whites’sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel’ the old song and the blacks
sang ‘Die Stem’ the new song which marked the end of the ceremony
Apartheid and South Africa
l Nelson Mandela reminiscences about days gone by which will soon be the part of history where the whites had formed
a system of racial dominance against the blacks. It was the basis of the harsh societies which is now overturned. He
says , that the policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound
on his country and its people.
Now it is the system that recognised the rights and freedom of all people.
Regret of Mandela and Remembrance of Freedom Fighters
On the auspicious day Mandela regretted the loss of thousands of people and remembered their sacrifices for the
freedom from discrimination. He thought of himself as the sum of all those African patriots who sacrificed their lives
before him. He was pained that he couldn’t thank them.
He recalled great freedom fighters like Oliver, Tambos, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthuli, Yusuf Dadoo, etc. who were the
men of uncommon courage, wisdom and generosity.
He said that the country is rich in minerals but its greatest wealth is its people.
Goodness and Duties of a Man
The author says that being white or black is not the token of your goodness or superiority. No one is born hating
other, people should love one another which comes without force as it is natural. It is man’s essential goodness.
A man has to perform duties to his family, community and country which he didn’t see in his country before he
pushed himself to fight for the blacks. A black man was punished if he tried to live like a human being and forced
to live apart from his own people. So, he was not allowed to perform his duties to his family.
Meaning of Freedom by Mandela
As a kid Mandela had different meaning for being free as he wanted to run in the fields and wanted to stay
out at night. As he grew older he wanted the freedom of livelihood for himself and his family.
But soon he realised that such freedom was only an illusion, j He realised that his brothers and sisters who
looked like him were not free, so he joined African National Congress (ANC). His hunger for freedom
became great for the freedom of his people. He desired that everyone should be given the right to live his life
with dignity and respect. He wanted the oppressor and the oppressed to be liberated. As no one is free if one
is taking someone else’s freedom. Only such feelings can bring true freedom for everyone.
Chapter Highlights
1 10th of May was, a day of freedom for South Africa and there was huge gathering of international leaders and
dignitaries.
2 Inauguration ceremony or swearing in ceremony was being held in Union Building in Pretoria and first nonracial government took the charge.
3 Nelson Mandela gave speech on the victory for justice, peace and human dignity.
4 Mandela pledged to liberate his people from poverty, suffering and discrimination.
5.A colourful show by jets and helicopters to show military’s loyalty took place.
6 Singing of two national anthems was done-the old ‘Nkosi Sikelel’ by the whites and the new ‘Die stem’ by the blacks.
7 A new system that recognised the rights and freedom of all people was formed.
8 Mandela remembered and thanked the people who sacrificed their lives for the freedom.
9 Salutation to some great freedom fighters – Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthuli, Yusuf Dadoo and others.
10Mandela said in speech that a country is rich because of its people not because of the minerals. Courage is not the
absence of fear but the victory over it.
People should love others and not hate them due to colour or religion. Love
comes naturally not by force, which is the natural goodness.
11 He also stated that a man should try to make a balance between his duties – duty to his family and duty to his
community and country. A black person was treated badly and not allowed to perform his duties.
12 According to Mandela, freedom has many aspects like – for a kid it is to run and play, for an adult it is to fulfil the
needs, of his own and his family. Real freedom means equal rights for everyone.
13Nelson Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC). He desired people to live with dignity and respect. He
wanted the oppressor and the oppressed to be liberated.
14Patience and perseverance guided by discipline and system yield the desire result.
The two major themes of the chapter are:
• Freedom vs Oppression
• Courage vs Hate
Freedom vs Oppression
• Mandela contrasts the freedom enjoyed by his country now to apartheid and its consequences.
• Freedom is impossible if it is restricted by a higher authority.
• One cannot also be free if one’s fellow people are in chains.
• Freedom is all-inclusive. Everyone – even the oppressors – should be free.
Courage vs Hate
• Mandela develops the idea of courage by reflecting on the sacrifices of African patriots.
• The immeasurable suffering caused by apartheid produced brave men and women who were willing to do what it
took to dismantle it.
• Even though they suffered and were afraid, they risked their lives for the cause of the country.
• In contrast to the innate ability of courage that Mandela emphasises, hate is often taught. Hate leads to
discrimination on the basis of race or religion.
LITERARY DEVICES
The Use of Contrasts :Mandela uses contrasts in the chapter to reflect on ideas of courage, apartheid and freedom.
Some of the contrasts used are:
Union Building Pretoria: A building, once a seat of white supremacy, would now form the first democratic, non-racial
government of South Africa.
White vs Rainbow: Mandela uses the plain colour white to refer to the domination of dark-skinned by the white-skinned.
In contrast, he uses the word ‘rainbow gathering’ to refer to all the people assembled for the inauguration.
The South African generals and police saluting Nelson Mandela. Only a few years back these same people would have
put him in prison.
The two anthems – the vision of whites singing ‘Nkosi Sikelel –iAfrika’ and blacks singing ‘Die Stem’, the old anthem of
the Republic.
Two Systems of Thought: Apartheid which is based on race and skin colour is one of the ‘harshest, most inhumane’
systems of oppression in human history vs the Republic which ‘recognised the rights and freedoms’ of all people
regardless of skin colour.
‘Depths of oppression’ can create ‘heights of characters’ – the untold suffering faced by the African people produced
great heroes.
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