Notes of Ch 2 Acid, Bases And Salts
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Introduction
Thene one Different Chemical Elements. Known to us at present these Elements Combined
to form a lange no of Compounds on the basics of their Chemical properties these one
1 Acid
2 Bases
3 Salts
Question Time
How we came to know that wheather a Substance is an Acid OR Base ?
Ans- Well, We Use Some Chemical Substances which tells Us Wheather a Substance we have taken
Is an acid OR Bose. By Changing it's Physical, Chemical Properties Like Smell, Colour etc
Indicators
An indicaton is a Chemical Substance which tells us wheathen the Chemical we are taking is an acid OR Base by Changing it's Coloour
Fon now, we need to Know About 3 types of Indicators :-
1-Natural Indicators
Red
Indicatons which are Obtomed naturally one Called natural indicatone for example: Litmus," Cabbage tuntunic, onion, Vanilla etc
Litmus
•12-Red Cabbage
An Acid tann Blue Mus to Rod
Red Cabbage Remains Red in Aud
Remains Yellow m Acid
An Base turn Red litmes to Blue
Turns Green in Basic Solution
Becomes Red-Brown in Base.
2-Olfactory indicators
Substances which Change them odeun with Acid and bases ane Called Olfactory indicatons
Example Vanilla Onion etc
1- Onion
2-Vanilla
Omen lost it's Smell in Basic Sol"
Loose Smell in Bouc Sol
Restore it's Smell in Acidic Sol"
Restore Smell m Audic Sol"
3- Synthetic indicators
Synthetic Indicatons ane obtained from Artificial Substances that are Produced in lab's Example :- Methyl Orange, Phenolphthalein
1-Methyl Orange
2-Phenolphthalein
My Apple is Red My Banana is Yellow
Colourless Acidic Sol"
Turns Red m Acidic Sol"
Pink Coloun m Basic Sol"
Yellow in Basic Sol"
Acids Physical Properties
2 Acids have a Sour taste
3. They can Change Coloun of Blue Litmus to Red
4. Acids Get's Tonne on dissolving in water and Produe (H+) ion also known as Hydrogen ion
Organic Acids
Acids present in Plants and Animals ane Organic / Weak Acids Example: Acetic Acid, lactic Acid, The weak Auds is not hommful to eat OR Drink
Tartaric Acid
They cannot Tonize Water Completely
Acids preponed from the minerals of Earth ame called Mmenal Acids Simple Hydrochloric Acid, Sulphuric Acid and tartaric Acid
Concentrated Acids are Very Dengenous they can burn our hands and Clothes These Acids Should be handel with cone and Generally mixed with water to Dilute them Such Acids are Called Diluted Acids
During Dilution of an Acid, Acid Should be Always mixed with watet in Acid. Not water in Acid that CanCause Splash On Your face and Can Causa Sevene Acid burns They Can Tonne Water Completely
Chemical Properties of Acids
1) Reaction of acid with metal
By neation of Acid with metal Salt to metal and Hydrogen Gas are produced
Acid + Metal Salt of Metal + Hydrogen ~
Eg 2HCI + (a ~ Colla + M₂ (G).
2) Reaction of Acid with Base
Acids React with Base to form salt and Water. This is called Neutrilisation Reaction
Acid + Base~ Salt + water
Eg: MCI+ NaOH → Nall + 120
Acids React with Metal Oxide to form salt and Water Similan to an Aad Base Reaction
3) Reaction of Acid with Metal Oxide
Acid + Metal Onde Salt + Waten
Eg 2HCl + Na₂0
2 Nall +10
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